3 results
Contributors
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- By Basem Abdelmalak, Joseph Abdelmalak, Alaa A. Abd-Elsayed, David L. Adams, Eric E. Adelman, Maged Argalious, Endrit Bala, Gene H. Barnett, Sheron Beltran, Andrew Bielaczyc, William Bingaman, James M. Blum, Alina Bodas, Vera Borzova, Richard Bowers, Adam Brown, Chad M. Brummett, Alexandra S. Bullough, James F. Burke, Juan P. Cata, Neeraj Chaudhary, Michael J. Claybon, Miguel Cruz, Milind Deogaonkar, Vikram Dhawan, Thomas Didier, D. John Doyle, Zeyd Ebrahim, Hesham Elsharkawy, Wael Ali Sakr Esa, Ehab Farag, Ryen D. Fons, Joseph J. Gemmete, Matt Giles, Phil Gillen, Goodarz Golmirzaie, Marcos Gomes, Lisa Grilly, Maged Guirguis, David W. Healy, Heather Hervey-Jumper, Shawn L. Hervey-Jumper, Paul E. Hilliard, Samuel A. Irefin, George K. Istaphanous, Teresa L. Jacobs, Ellen Janke, Greta Jo, James W. Jones, Rami Karroum, Allen Keebler, Stephen J. Kimatian, Colleen G. Koch, Robert Scott Kriss, Andrea Kurz, Jia Lin, Michael D. Maile, Negmeldeen F. Mamoun, Mariel Manlapaz, Edward Manno, Donn Marciniak, Piyush Mathur, Nicholas F. Marko, Matthew Martin, George A. Mashour, Marco Maurtua, Scott T. McCardle, Julie McClelland, Uma Menon, Paul S. Moor, Laurel E. Moore, Ruairi Moulding, Dileep R. Nair, Todd Nelson, Julie Niezgoda, Edward Noguera, Jerome O’Hara, Aditya S. Pandey, Mauricio Perilla, Paul Picton, Marc J. Popovich, J. Javier Provencio, Venkatakrishna Rajajee, Mohit Rastogi, Stacy Ritzman, Lauryn R. Rochlen, Leif Saager, Vivek Sabharwal, Oren Sagher, Kenneth Saliba, Milad Sharifpour, Lesli E. Skolarus, Paul Smythe, Wolf H. Stapelfeldt, William R. Stetler, Peter Stiles, Vijay Tarnal, Khoi D. Than, B. Gregory Thompson, Alparslan Turan, Christopher R. Turner, Justin Upp, Sumeet Vadera, Jennifer Vance, Anthony C. Wang, Robert J. Weil, Marnie B. Welch, Karen K. Wilkins, Erin S. Williams, George N. Youssef, Asma Zakaria, Sherif S. Zaky, Andrew Zura
- Edited by George A. Mashour, Ehab Farag
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- Book:
- Case Studies in Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care
- Published online:
- 03 May 2011
- Print publication:
- 03 February 2011, pp x-xvi
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7 - On the Relevance of Prenatal Stress to Developmental Psychopathology: A Primate Model
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- By Mary L. Schneider, Department of Kinesiology and Psychology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Colleen F. Moore, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Gary W. Kraemer, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison
- Edited by Dante Cicchetti, University of Rochester, New York, Elaine F. Walker, Emory University, Atlanta
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- Book:
- Neurodevelopmental Mechanisms in Psychopathology
- Published online:
- 10 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 04 August 2003, pp 155-186
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Summary
In this chapter we examine the question of whether psychosocial stress during pregnancy might be one factor predisposing offspring to the development of psychopathology. We review relevant data from nonhuman primates, rodents, other mammals, and some human studies. The impetus for this chapter is derived from several sources. The first is the observation that prenatal stress effects in both humans and animals appear to share similarities with some forms of psychopathology in humans. These similarities include dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, sleep disturbances, and alterations in brain biogenic amine chemical activity – disturbances that are similar to those found in humans with psychiatric disorders.
The second impetus is the recent move in the field of developmental psychopathology from a deficit model to a risk model. From the perspective of a “deficits” model, a researcher would tend to look for cause-and-effect relationships wherein a specific event, early in life, results in altered developmental outcome (Brown, 1993). Alternately, in a risk model, early life events are not viewed as singular causes of developmental outcomes, but rather they are considered as probabilistic contributors to development along with other events within a dynamic interacting complex process. Also, in a risk model, early life events are viewed as probabilistically associated with a variety of different developmental outcomes; this construct is called multifinality. For example, from a “deficit” viewpoint, preterm delivery can be viewed as a cause of later developmental problems, such as cerebral palsy, subtle neuromotor abnormalities, learning disabilities, and behavior problems (Goldson, 1983; Hertzig, 1981; Koops & Harmon, 1980).
The unfolding of justice: A developmental perspective on reward allocation
- Edited by Barbara A. Mellers, University of California, Berkeley, Jonathan Baron, University of Pennsylvania
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- Book:
- Psychological Perspectives on Justice
- Published online:
- 24 October 2009
- Print publication:
- 24 September 1993, pp 183-204
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Summary
“Social peace must spring from economic justice.”
– Martin Luther King, Jr. (as quoted in Garrow, 1986)This quote from a winner of the Nobel Peace Prize expresses a hope that many people hold in common. The hope is for a world where peace is secure because it is based on a just distribution of goods. The problem with this vision is that people and nations seem to disagree about what constitutes a just distribution. In this essay we take a developmental approach to the issue of fairness in reward distribution. By doing so, we hope to illuminate some of the potential sources of disagreement about what constitutes a just distribution.
To developmentalists, how concepts of fairness of reward distribution develop in people is intrinsically interesting. We think that a developmental viewpoint on justice should be of interest to researchers who normally deal only with adult subjects. First, because we are looking for developmental differences among people, a developmental perspective emphasizes that not everyone has the same view of what constitutes fairness. Thus, a developmental view sensitizes the researcher to the possibility of individual differences and encourages the search for evidence of the use of a variety of strategies or concepts. In contrast, nondevelopmentalists sometimes seem to assume that all subjects in their experiments are behaving in the same manner. Our viewpoint is that uniformity of strategies and concepts in judgment and decision making should not be taken for granted.